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Backlight Module Structure
Generally speaking, backlight modules can be categorized into two types: front-light and backlight. Among these, the backlight type can be further classified based on the positioning of the light tubes, depending on the scale requirements, leading to the following three major structural designs.
Generally speaking, backlight modules can be categorized into two types: front-light and backlight. Among these, backlight modules—depending on the scale requirements—can be further classified based on the position of the light tubes, leading to the development of the following three major structures.[6]
Side-lighting type
The edge-lit light source consists of a single light source positioned along the side, while the light guide plate features a molded, print-free design. This type of backlight module is commonly used in small to medium-sized displays—typically those under 30 inches—and is renowned for its lightweight, ultra-thin profile, narrow bezel design, and energy-efficient performance. It’s widely adopted as the backlight solution for smartphones, tablets, and laptops, and is also increasingly integrated into large-format TV backlights featuring an edge-lit architecture.
Directly downward type
(Bottom lighting) The oversized backlight module—once reliant on side-lighting structures that offered advantages in weight, power consumption, and brightness—has now been largely surpassed. As a result, direct-lit designs have emerged, eliminating the need for light guide plates while positioning the light source directly beneath the panel. In this setup, light emitted from self-emissive sources (such as fluorescent tubes or LEDs) is first reflected off a reflector, then directed upward through a diffuser plate to ensure even distribution before being projected uniformly toward the front surface. Thanks to the expanded installation space, up to two or more lamps can now be used, tailored precisely to the size of the TFT panel. However, this approach also leads to increased module thickness, weight, and power consumption. On the positive side, it delivers high brightness, wide viewing angles, exceptional light efficiency, and a simplified structural design—making it ideal for LCD displays and TVs where portability and spatial constraints are less critical. That said, challenges remain, including relatively high energy consumption (due to the use of cold cathode tubes), uneven light distribution, and potential heat buildup in the LCD panel—all of which still require further optimization.
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